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| |
Empagliflozin
|
Sitagliptin
|
p value
|
|---|
|
Body weight (kg)
|
|
Baseline
|
80.3 ± 19.0
|
84.4 ± 16.1
|
0.469
|
|
12 weeks
|
79.1 ± 19.6
|
83.7 ± 16.3
|
0.411
|
|
Change
|
−1.2 ± 1.6
|
−0.2 ± 2.0
|
0.081
|
|
Intragroup p value
|
0.002*
|
0.679
| |
|
HbA1c (%)
|
|
Baseline
|
7.1 ± 0.8
|
7.0 ± 0.9
|
0.684
|
|
12 weeks
|
6.7 ± 0.6
|
6.6 ± 0.8
|
0.895
|
|
Change
|
−0.5 ± 0.4
|
−0.4 ± 0.4
|
0.549
|
|
Intragroup p value
|
< 0.001*
|
< 0.001*
| |
|
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)
|
|
Baseline
|
155.7 ± 34.2
|
140.6 ± 33.3
|
0.155
|
|
12 weeks
|
124.6 ± 18.2
|
135.3 ± 37.2
|
0.243
|
|
Change
|
−31.1 ± 21.8
|
−5.3 ± 18.3
|
< 0.001*
|
|
Intragroup p value
|
< 0.001*
|
0.200
| |
|
Plasma insulin (µIU/mL)
|
|
Baseline
|
13.7 ± 7.1
|
14.4 ± 9.5
|
0.795
|
|
12 weeks
|
9.4 ± 5.5
|
14.9 ± 7.3
|
0.009*
|
|
Change
|
−4.4 ± 6.4
|
0.5 ± 6.5
|
0.019*
|
|
Intragroup p value
|
0.005*
|
0.735
| |
|
HOMA-IR
|
|
Baseline
|
5.3 ± 2.8
|
4.9 ± 3.7
|
0.718
|
|
12 weeks
|
2.9 ± 1.8
|
4.8 ± 2.8
|
0.011*
|
|
Change
|
−2.4 ± 2.4
|
−0.1 ± 2.5
|
0.004*
|
|
Intragroup p value
|
< 0.001*
|
0.902
| |
|
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
|
|
Baseline
|
52.4 ± 14.4
|
48.8 ± 8.5
|
0.333
|
|
12 weeks
|
54.0 ± 14.7
|
46.5 ± 10.1
|
0.061
|
|
Change
|
1.7 ± 6.3
|
−2.3 ± 5.3
|
0.034*
|
|
Intragroup p value
|
0.241
|
0.061
| |
|
Apolipoprotein A-I (mg/dL)
|
|
Baseline
|
146.7 ± 30.4
|
145.2 ± 22.8
|
0.860
|
|
12 weeks
|
147.3 ± 30.5
|
138.1 ± 22.7
|
0.277
|
|
Change
|
0.6 ± 12.2
|
−7.1 ± 10.6
|
0.036*
|
|
Intragroup p value
|
0.833
|
0.006*
| |
|
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
|
|
Baseline
|
134.4 ± 29.7
|
139.2 ± 39.7
|
0.659
|
|
12 weeks
|
132.8 ± 22.7
|
135.0 ± 41.0
|
0.824
|
|
Change
|
−1.7 ± 16.3
|
−4.2 ± 17.9
|
0.636
|
|
Intragroup p value
|
0.644
|
0.297
| |
|
Apolipoprotein B (mg/dL)
|
|
Baseline
|
110.1 ± 25.1
|
113.0 ± 24.3
|
0.715
|
|
12 weeks
|
107.5 ± 22.0
|
109.3 ± 25.9
|
0.808
|
|
Change
|
−2.6 ± 10.9
|
−3.6 ± 12.4
|
0.783
|
|
Intragroup p value
|
0.285
|
0.197
| |
|
Uric acid (mg/dL)
|
|
Baseline
|
5.8 ± 1.2
|
6.3 ± 1.2
|
0.171
|
|
12 weeks
|
5.0 ± 0.9
|
6.5 ± 1.2
|
< 0.001*
|
|
Change
|
−0.8 ± 0.9
|
0.1 ± 0.8
|
< 0.001*
|
|
Intragroup p value
|
< 0.001*
|
0.446
| |
|
Total ketone bodies (μmol/L)
|
|
Baseline
|
81.8 ± 50.3
|
107.0 ± 82.6
|
0.725
|
|
12 weeks
|
233.6 ± 372.3
|
93.5 ± 58.0
|
0.138
|
|
Change
|
151.8 ± 335.2
|
−13.5 ± 59.5
|
0.002*
|
|
Intragroup p value
|
< 0.001*
|
0.591
| |
|
β-hydroxybutyric acid (μmol/L)
|
|
Baseline
|
52.9 ± 33.7
|
72.2 ± 59.7
|
0.624
|
|
12 weeks
|
159.6 ± 263.3
|
60.0 ± 38.9
|
0.099
|
|
Change
|
106.7 ± 239.2
|
−12.2 ± 42.4
|
0.001*
|
|
Intragroup p value
|
< 0.001*
|
0.370
| |
|
Acetoacetic acid (μmol/L)
|
|
Baseline
|
28.9 ± 16.9
|
34.8 ± 23.6
|
0.357
|
|
12 weeks
|
74.0 ± 109.3
|
33.5 ± 19.8
|
0.102
|
|
Change
|
45.1 ± 96.3
|
−1.3 ± 18.0
|
0.036*
|
|
Intragroup p value
|
0.044*
|
0.746
| |
- Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 21 for both groups). p values < 0.05 indicate significant differences. Comparisons were performed by one-sample t-test in each group, and two-sample t-tests between groups. HDL: high-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, LDL: low-density lipoprotein. *p < 0.05
