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| |
HR
|
95% CI
|
P value
|
|---|
|
Model 1
|
|
MetS/diabetes status
|
|
No MetS or diabetes
|
1.00 (Reference)
|
|
MetS (no diabetes)
|
1.62
|
1.13–2.34
|
0.01
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.78
|
1.11–2.84
|
0.02
|
|
Age, years
|
1.07
|
1.05–1.08
|
< 0.001
|
|
Male sex
|
1.83
|
1.37–2.44
|
< 0.001
|
|
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L
|
1.02
|
1.01–1.03
|
0.01
|
|
Model 2: Model 1 + CAC score
|
|
CAC scorea
|
1.28
|
1.22–1.33
|
< 0.001
|
|
Mets/diabetes status
|
|
No MetS or diabetes
|
1.00 (Reference)
|
|
MetS (no diabetes)
|
1.58
|
1.10–2.27
|
0.01
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.44
|
0.90–2.30
|
0.13
|
|
Model 3: Model 2 + EAT volumeb
|
|
EAT volume, cm3a
|
1.52
|
1.23–1.89
|
< 0.001
|
|
CAC score
|
1.28
|
1.23–1.33
|
< 0.001
|
|
Model 4: Model 2 + EAT attenuationb
|
|
EAT attenuation, HU
|
0.95
|
0.93–0.98
|
< 0.001
|
|
CAC score
|
1.27
|
1.21–1.32
|
< 0.001
|
- Final models based on backward stepwise selection of variables at a Wald p-value of 0.05
- Co-variates entered in Model 1: age, male sex, current smoker, past smoker, LDL cholesterol, statin use, anti-hypertensive treatment
- aHazard ratios are per 2-fold increase/doubling of EAT volume (cm3) and CAC score
- bMetS/diabetes status categories were not significantly associated with MACE risk
- CAC, coronary artery calcium; CAD, coronary artery disease; EAT, epicardial adipose tissue; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; MetS, metabolic syndrome
