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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of study population at baseline in overall, and automatic vs. echo-guided patients

From: Cardiac resynchronization therapy and its effects in patients with type 2 DIAbetes mellitus OPTimized in automatic vs. echo guided approach. Data from the DIA-OPTA investigators

Parameters Overall population (n 191) Automatic (n 93) Echo guided (n 98) P value
Age 71 ± 6 71 ± 7 72 ± 6 0.426
Male (%) 134 (70.2) 63 (67.7) 71 (72.4) 0.431
Smokers (%) 97 (50.8) 46 (49.5) 51 (52) 0.407
Hypertension (%) 136 (71.2) 65 (69.9) 71 (72.5) 0.282
Dislipidemia (%) 71 (37.2) 35 (37.6) 36 (36.7) 0.462
Plasma glucose (mg/dl) 186.7 ± 22.1 185.5 ± 22.3 188.9 ± 22.0 0.367
HbA1c (mmol/mol) 57.9 ± 16.3 57.8 ± 16.2 58.1 ± 16.4 0.263
BMI > 30 kg/m2(%) 15 (7.8) 8 (8.6) 7 (7.1) 0.791
COPD (%) 35 (18.3) 17 (18.3) 18 (18.4) 0.538
Renal disease (%) 35 (18.3) 16 (17.2) 19 (19.4) 0.105
Ischemic heartfailure (%) 131 (68.6%) 65 (69.9) 66 (67.4) 0.302
II NYHA class (%) 33 (25.2) 16 (24.6) 17 (25.8) 0.280
III NYHA class (%) 98 (74.8) 49 (75.4) 49 (74.2) 0.211
QRS duration (ms) 137.4 ± 9.2 137.5 ± 9.0 137.9 ± 9.4 0.930
6MWT 243.47 ± 41.83 241.18 ± 44.94 246.75 ± 40.74 0.371
SonR values (g) / 0.24 ± 0.08 / /
Echocardiographic parameters
 LVEF (%) 27 ± 8 27 ± 5 28 ± 5 0.285
 LVEDd (mm) 65 ± 8 66 ± 7 64 ± 9 0.101
 LVESd (mm) 43 ± 8 41 ± 6 44 ± 9 0.291
 LVEDv (ml) 205 ± 20 206 ± 18 203 ± 22 0.993
 LVESv (ml) 146 ± 17 148 ± 15 145 ± 18 0.818
Mitral insufficiency
  + (%) 96 (50.3) 45 (48.4) 51 (52.0) 0.359
  +  + (%) 78 (40.8) 38 (40.9) 40 (40.8) 0.556
  +  +  + (%) 17 (8.9) 10 (10.7) 7 (7.2) 0.451
Medications at baseline
 Amiodarone (%) 40 (20.9) 19 (20.4) 21 (21.4) 0.569
 ACE inhibitors (%) 86 (45) 42 (45.2) 44 (44.9) 0.543
 ARS blockers (%) 61 (31.9) 31 (33.3) 30 (30.6) 0.464
 Sacubitril/valsartan (%) 47 (24.6) 23 (24.7) 24 (24.5) 0.551
Beta blockers:
 Carvedilol (%) 74 (38.7) 36 (38.7) 38 (38.8) 0.555
 Bisoprolol (%) 62 (32.5) 32 (34.4) 30 (30.6) 0.539
 Aspirin (%) 76 (39.8) 36 (38.7) 40 (40.8) 0.558
 Tiklopidine(%) 5 (2.6) 2 (2.1) 3 (3.1) 0.525
 Warfarin (%) 57 (29.8) 27 (29) 30 (30.6) 0.468
 NOAC (%) 45 (23.6) 20 (21.5) 25 (25.5) 0.316
 Calcium antagonist (%) 12 (6.3) 5 (5.4) 7 (7.1) 0.501
 Ivabradine(%) 40 (20.9) 21 (22.6) 19 (19.4) 0.599
 Digoxin (%) 57 (29.8) 27 (29) 30 (30.6) 0.468
 Loop diuretics (%) 168 (88) 79 (84.9) 89 (90.8) 0.268
 Aldosterone Blockers (%) 117 (61.3) 55 (59.1) 62 (63.3) 0.656
 Statins (%) 142 (74.3) 69 (74.2) 73 (74.5) 0.461
Anti diabetic drugs, n (%)
 Insulin (%) 40 (20.9) 18 (19.3) 22 (22.4) 0.722
 Metformin (%) 109 (57.1) 49 (52.7) 60 (61.2) 0.246
 Sulfonylureas (%) 34 (17.8) 16 (17.2) 18 (18.4) 0.852
 Thiazolidinediones (%) 22 (11.5) 10 (10.7) 12 (12.2) 0.823
 GLP-1 agonist (%) 28 (14.7) 13 (14) 15 (15.3) 0.840
 DPP-4 inhibitors (%): 40 (20.9) 18 (19.3) 22 (22.5) 0.722
Biomarkers
 Lymphocytes 7.95 ± 2.29 7.99 ± 2.23 7.83 ± 2.35 0.271
 Neutrophiles 5.38 ± 1.92 5.40 ± 1.95 5.37 ± 1.90 0.421
 BNP (pg/ml) 327.38 ± 18.61 321.04 ± 18.72 332.74 ± 19.55 0.667
 CRP (mg/L) 9.84 ± 0.94 10.36 ± 1.03 9.36 ± 0.97 0.466
 IL6 (pg/ml) 6.42 ± 0.05 6.38 ± 0.04 6.47 ± 0.06 0.272
 TNFα (pg/ml) 6.31 ± 0.03 6.34 ± 0.03 6.29 ± 0.02 0.269
  1. ACE, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme; ARS, Angiotensin Receptors; BMI, body mass index; BNP, B type natriuretic peptide; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C reactive protein; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin 1Ac type; GLP-1, glucagone like peptide-1; IL-6, interleukine 6; LVEDd, left ventricle end diastolic diameter; LVEDv, left ventricle end diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; LVESd, left ventricle end systolic diameter; LVESv, left ventricle end systolic volume; NYHA II, III, New York Heart Association II and III class; NOAC, new oral anti coagulation; SonR, values of SonR signals; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha; 6MWT, 6 min walking test.* is for statistical significant (p < 0.05)
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840