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Study population
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No steatosis
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Steatosis only
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Steatosis with fibrosis
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p value
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|---|
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N = 1120
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N = 484
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N = 414
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N = 222
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|---|
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Age, years
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55.4 ± 9.4
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52.4 ± 9.7a
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59.8 ± 7.8ab
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< 0.001
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Male, n (%)
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216 (44.6%)
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211 (51.0%)
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104 (46.8%)
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0.163
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Weight, kg
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61.1 ± 9.4
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68.8 ± 11.8a
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68.8 ± 10.7a
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< 0.001
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Height, cm
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162.1 ± 8.6
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163.6 ± 8.9a
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162.4 ± 8.5
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0.033
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BMI, kg/m2
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23.2 ± 2.8
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25.6 ± 3.0a
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26.1 ± 3.2a
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< 0.001
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Waist Circumference, cm
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79.2 ± 7.5
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85.8 ± 8.0a
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87.2 ± 7.8a
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< 0.001
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Metabolic Syndrome, n/total n (%)
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174/466 (37.3%)
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282/404 (69.8%)
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150/221 (67.9%)
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< 0.001
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Regular alcohol consumption, n/total n (%)
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182/437 (41.6%)
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183/392 (46.7%)
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70/204 (34.3%)
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0.014
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Smoking, ever, n/total n (%)
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166/420 (39.5%)
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174/384 (45.3%)
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70/194 (36.1%)
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0.072
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Regular exercise, n/total n (%)
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135/383 (35.2%)
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172/360 (47.8%)
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78/187 (41.7%)
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0.002
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Hypertension, n (%)
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130 (26.9%)
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135 (32.6%)
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97 (43.7%)
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< 0.001
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SBP, mmHg
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131.1 ± 16.7
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135.0 ± 16.9a
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138.3 ± 16.4a
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< 0.001
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DBP, mmHg
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84.3 ± 10.6
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88.3 ± 11.2a
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87.4 ± 10.6a
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< 0.001
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Duration of diabetes, years
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7.2 ± 6.9
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5.5 ± 5.3a
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6.1 ± 5.5
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< 0.001
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HbA1c, %
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8.3 ± 2.1
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8.7 ± 1.9a
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8.0 ± 1.6b
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< 0.001
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HbA1c, mmol/mol
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67.0 ± 23.0
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72.0 ± 20.8a
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64.0 ± 17.5b
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< 0.001
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KITT, %/min
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2.4 ± 1.0
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1.9 ± 0.8a
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1.8 ± 0.7a
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< 0.001
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Total Cholesterol, mg/dL
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188.6 ± 38.5
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201.8 ± 45.1a
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197.7 ± 39.3a
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< 0.001
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Triglyceride, mg/dL
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115.7 ± 63.3
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172.3 ± 140.0a
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157.7 ± 89.2a
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< 0.001
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HDL-C, mg/dL
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54.2 ± 14.8
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48.4 ± 12.2a
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50.6 ± 12.8a
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< 0.001
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LDL-C, mg/dL
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110.1 ± 32.3
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118.9 ± 35.7a
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113.6 ± 35.3
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0.002
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BUN, mg/dL
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17.5 ± 7.3
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16.9 ± 5.0
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18.7 ± 8.2b
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0.005
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Creatinine, mg/dL
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0.8 ± 0.2
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0.8 ± 0.3
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0.8 ± 0.2a
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0.007
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eGFR (MDRD), mL/min/1.73 m2
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94.5 ± 30.9
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93.0 ± 28.0
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88.0 ± 27.4a
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0.022
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Total Bilirubin, mg/dL
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0.9 ± 0.3
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0.8 ± 0.3
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1.0 ± 0.5ab
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0.002
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AST, IU/L
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25.0 ± 12.6
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24.4 ± 8.0
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36.7 ± 17.6ab
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< 0.001
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ALT, IU/L
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23.6 ± 15.9
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30.5 ± 14.9a
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37.0 ± 25.2ab
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< 0.001
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Total Protein, mg/dL
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7.3 ± 0.4
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7.3 ± 0.4
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7.4 ± 0.5ab
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0.006
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Albumin, mg/dL
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4.3 ± 0.4
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4.4 ± 0.3
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4.4 ± 0.3
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0.068
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Platelet,/uL
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210.7 ± 59.2
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240.0 ± 53.4a
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183.3 ± 38.6ab
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< 0.001
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Insulin use, n (%)
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47 (9.7%)
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24 (5.8%)
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15 (6.8%)
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0.076
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SU use, n (%)
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240 (49.6%)
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191 (46.1%)
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140 (63.1%)
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< 0.001
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Metformin use, n (%)
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172 (35.5%)
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156 (37.7%)
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93 (41.9%)
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0.270
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TZD use, n (%)
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57 (11.8%)
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25 (6.0%)
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21 (9.5%)
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0.012
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Statin use, n (%)
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63 (13.0%)
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53 (12.8%)
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25 (11.3%)
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0.797
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Aspirin use, n (%)
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62 (12.8%)
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58 (14.0%)
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35 (15.8%)
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0.568
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Carotid IMT, mm
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0.75 ± 0.15
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0.76 ± 0.15
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0.81 ± 0.14ab
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< 0.001
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Presence of plaque, n (%)
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153 (31.6%)
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127 (30.7%)
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80 (36.0%)
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0.365
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- Variables are shown as mean ± SD or n (%). ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IMT, intima-media thickness; KITT, rate constant for plasma glucose disappearance; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MDRD, modification of diet in renal disease equation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; SU, sulfonylurea; TZD, thiazolidinedione
- ap values < 0.05 versus no steatosis
- bp values < 0.05 versus steatosis only
